if nanoparticles enter cells, is there an effect on cellular neurontin drug interactions functions quality of materialcharacterization as new toxicological risks that derive from novel materials and delivery systems are identified, new tests will be neurontin drug interactions required to ascertain safety and efficacy industry and academia need to neurontin drug interactions plan and conduct the research to identify potential risks and to develop adequate characterization methodologies what are the forms in which particles neurontin drug interactions are presented to host, tissues, organs, organelles and cells what are the critical physical and chemical properties, including residual solvents, processing variables, impurities and excipients what are the standard tools used for this characterization what are the validated assays to detect and quantify nanoparticles in tissues, medical products, foods and processing equipment how do physical characteristics impact product quality and performance how do we determine long and shortterm stability of nanomaterials en vironmen tal considera hons can neurontin drug interactions nanoparticles be released into the environment following human and animal use neurontin drug interactions what methodologies would identify the nature and quantify the extent of nanoparticle neurontin drug interactions release in the environment what might be the environmental impact on other species eg animals, fish, plants, microorganisms as the materials and the techniques used to manufacture the novel formulations may not have prior art to refer to as a standard, there is an additional burden on the pharmabiotech industry to carry out a detailed evaluation of the system to generate sufficient database for successful industrialization of the product some of the industrially relevant criteria include understanding the relationship between the physicochemical properties and product performance, effect of process and formulation variables on product characteristics, development of analytical tools neurontin drug interactions and specifications to regulate product quality, accelerated stability testing as per standard protocols to propose a reliable shelflife, product scaleup to mass production and establishment of manufacturing standards and development of reference materialsstandards as guidelines for quality assurance development of validated testing methodsprotocols and neurontin drug interactions establishment of reference standards through a thorough and logical process remains to be the major responsibility of the industry for convincing the fda neurontin drug interactions to get product approval while considering the application of a polymeric nanoparticlesbased formulation, the fda may want the industry to include evidence for the parameters listed below particle size and size distribution surface area, surface chemistry, surface coating and porosity hydrophilicity and surface charge density purity and quality stability on shelf and upon administration manufacturing and controls drug release parameters and bioequivalence testing considerations conclusion and neurontin drug interactions outlook under the light of current literature ie articles, books, patents and information posted on the nanotech company websites and the product neurontin drug interactions pipelines of leading pharmabiotech companies, it is evident that we would be seeing many nanotechnologybased pharmaceutical products in this century table lists neurontin drug interactions few of the important products in the drug delivery pipeline that are based on polymeric nanoparticles it is likely that the oral neurontin drug interactions formulations would dominate this specialized segment of novel dosage forms the chemicalpolymer industry has been feeding the drug delivery scientists with a variety of biopolymers, having wide range of specialized properties nanoparticles made from neurontin drug interactions the biopolymers are likely to dominate the novel drug delivery systems in the oral market because of the costtobenefit ratio, excellent stability, neurontin drug interactions flexibility for industrial production and a voluminous database available, with respect to the regulatory issues addressed earlier polymeric nanoparticles are also being neurontin drug interactions explored for topical applications and as sterile dosage forms for ophthalmic, neurontin drug interactions nasal, subcutaneous and intravenous applications there are several other potential nanoparticles technologies which fall outside the coverage of this chapter, which are based on nanoparticles made from the drugs themselves they are termed as nanosuspensions, nanocrystals or insoluble drug delivery technologies essentially, all of neurontin drug interactions them are colloidal dispersions of pure drug particles that are stabilized neurontin drug interactions by polymers, surfactants or lipids they are synthesized either by physical neurontin drug interactions eg size reduction by milling or chemical eg change in solubility neurontin hla-b 5801 allopurinol fda drug interactions induced by ph or solvent exchange means in the presence of stabilizing neurontin drug interactions agents the striking advantage of these technologies is the high drug neurontin drug interactions loading efficiency and the simplicity associated with its production these have neurontin drug interactions been the first to roll out from the research and development neurontin drug interactions scale to the industrial production scale under nanoparticle category rapamune� oral solution and tablets table product pipeline of polymeric nanoparticles source pharmaprojects technology bioactive compound company route of delivery france of amino acids bioalliance, france polyisohexyl doxorubicin intravenous cyanoacrylate nanoparticles munich biotech drug nanoparticles neurontin drug interactions paclitaxel intravenous germany biosante, usa calcium phospahte insulin oral nanoparticles targesome, usa selfassembling lipid therapeutic intravenous nanospheres diagnostic american albumindrug paclitaxel intravenous bioscience, usa nanoparticles advectus life polybutylcyanoacrylate doxorubicin intravenous sciences, canada nanoparticles nanocarrier, japan micellar nanoparticles water insoluble drugs wyeth drug nanoparticles rapamycin oral novavax, usa flamel technologies micellar nanoparticles medusa� nanoparticles testosterone insulin interferon subcutaneous subcutaneous pharmaceuticals, usa containing sirolimus from wyeth and sangcya� neurontin drug interactions oral solution from sangstat corporation containing cya if the science of pharmaceutical product development is undergoing a transformation from a traditional pharmaceutics to a more innovative molecular or nanopharmaceutics, the major credit would be taken by a combination of polymer based systems and nanoparticles it is more of a belief than a hope that the polymeric nanoparticles would address many of the therapeutic issues that are posing neurontin drug interactions hurdles to a formulation scientist in this century references wilson � neurontin drug interactions and waugh a anatomy and physiology in health and illness churchill neurontin drug interactions livingstone new york tortora g and anagnostakos n principles of anatomy neurontin drug interactions and physiology harper and row new york tate p, seeley r and stephens t understanding the human body mosby st louis solomon neurontin drug interactions e introduction to human anatomy and physiology w b saunders company, philadelphia mcclintic jr basic anatomy and physiology of the human body neurontin drug interactions john wiley and sons new york ganong w review of medical physiology appleton and lange norwalk, ct shojaei a buccal mucosa as a neurontin drug interactions route for systemic drug delivery a review j pharm pharma sci neurontin drug interactions zhang h, zhang j and streisand jb oral 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